The greatest innovation regarding Antarctic krill was not learning how to catch it; it was learning how to multiply its value.
Norway: the country that transformed an Antarctic catch into a global ingredients platform (Part 2 of 5)
WORLDWIDE
Tuesday, July 21, 2026, 00:10 (GMT + 9)
The greatest revolution in Antarctic krill did not occur in the ocean. It occurred in the bottom line.
For decades, the success of this fishery was measured by tons caught. Norway changed that logic. It demonstrated that the real business was not about fishing more, but about extracting more value from each ton caught. Thus, it built one of the most sophisticated value chains in the contemporary blue economy.
The 2024/25 season, in which the catch in Area 48 reached for the first time the operational level of 620,000 tons established by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), confirmed that the discussion no longer revolves solely around access to the resource. Leadership is beginning to be defined by who controls the technology, processing, logistics, and markets capable of transforming biomass into high-value products.
Second installment of a special five-part investigation on the transformation of Antarctic krill into a global strategic industry.
When leadership ceased to be measured in tons
The history of the Antarctic krill industry is usually told through catches, technological advances, or the addition of new vessels to the fleets operating in the Southern Ocean. However, this vision describes events but does not explain the transformation that definitively changed the course of this activity. The true revolution did not occur when landed volumes increased or when more modern vessels appeared. It occurred when a part of the industry understood that the most valuable resource was not the krill itself, but the capacity to transform each ton caught into products with a much higher economic value.
Source: Aker BioMarine
This change in perspective completely modified the rules of the business. For more than two decades, competitiveness was associated with a relatively simple idea: catching more meant producing more and, therefore, obtaining better results. It was a logic inherited from the Soviet expansion initiated in the 1970s, when huge factory fleets operated in Antarctic waters with the aim of supplying protein to a planned economy that conceived krill as a practically inexhaustible source of biomass. Success was measured in tons, and technological development was primarily oriented toward increasing extractive capacity.
The first installment of this investigation showed how that model allowed the creation of the largest experimental fishery ever developed on a marine resource and how its disappearance was a consequence of the collapse of the Soviet Union, rather than the depletion of the resource. The biomass was still present in the Southern Ocean, but the economic system that had sustained the activity ceased to exist. The industry then entered a transition phase during which numerous countries attempted to occupy the space left by the old Soviet fleet.
Source: AP
A new industrial model facing biological limitations
However, the competition that began to develop during the following years no longer responded to the same rules. Access to the resource remained important, but it was no longer sufficient. The real challenge consisted in building an industrial model capable of generating greater economic value from a biomass whose availability, in addition to being internationally regulated by the CCAMLR, presented a biological limitation that for decades had conditioned the development of the entire activity.
Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) begins to degrade just a few minutes after being caught. Enzymes present in its organism rapidly trigger an autolysis process that deteriorates proteins, lipids, and other compounds of high commercial value. Consequently, the time elapsed between catch and processing became a determining factor for the quality of the final product. Unlike other industrial fisheries, where preservation allows the value of the resource to be maintained for relatively prolonged periods, in the case of krill, every minute lost represents a potential reduction in its economic value.
Click on the image to enlarge it Soure: PNAS.org
Understanding this limitation meant completely rethinking the business model. The question was no longer simply how many tons could be extracted from the ocean, but how to preserve the maximum biological value of each one of them. The catch ceased to be the ultimate goal and became the first step in a much more complex industrial chain, where immediate processing, logistics, scientific research, and the development of new ingredients acquired an equivalent —or even superior— importance to the harvesting activity itself.
Norway's competitive advantage
It was precisely in this scenario that Norway began to build a competitive advantage that would end up redefining the entire industry. While numerous operators continued to concentrate their investments on expanding catch capacity, Norwegian companies bet on integrating all links of the value chain into a single industrial model. The development of continuous on-board processing systems, the incorporation of technology designed to minimize the time between catch and product stabilization, the creation of specialized logistical platforms, and sustained investment in applied research allowed a traditional fishery to be transformed into a knowledge-based industry.
Source: Aker BioMarine
The consequence was much deeper than what catch figures reveal. Norway demonstrated that two operators could land the same volume of krill and yet obtain completely different economic results. The difference no longer depended on the resource, but on the capacity to convert it into ingredients destined for high-value-added markets, such as aquaculture, human nutrition, nutraceuticals, specialized pet food, or marine biotechnology.
In other words, leadership ceased to be measured solely by tons caught and began to be measured by the value generated from each ton.
This shift may seem like a simple technological evolution. In reality, it constitutes a much more profound transformation. It represents the transition from an extractive economy to a knowledge-based industrial economy. The catch remains essential, but it is no longer the center of the business. The true asset becomes the capacity to integrate science, technology, logistics, processing, and innovation within the same corporate strategy.
The 2024/25 season clearly illustrates this new scenario. During that campaign, catches in Area 48 reached for the first time the operational level of 620,000 tons established by the CCAMLR, confirming that the fishery has entered a new stage of maturity. From a historical perspective, the data constitutes a milestone for the international management of the resource. From an economic perspective, however, it conveys an even more relevant message: when volume growth begins to be constrained by catch limits and conservation criteria, competitiveness can no longer be based solely on extracting more biomass. From that moment on, growth depends, above all, on the capacity to generate more value from the same resource.
This is precisely the model that Norway developed over the last decades. And this is also the reason why today it occupies a leading position that far transcends the size of its fleet. Because the greatest innovation in Antarctic krill was not learning how to catch it. It was learning how to multiply its value.
Source: Aker BioMarine
Next installment
Special Report 03/2026
China: the silent construction of the second Antarctic krill giant
While Norway consolidated a model based on technological integration and value generation, China is developing a strategy of a different nature. Its objective is no longer solely to participate in the fishery, but to turn krill into a component of its food security, industrial expansion, and marine biotechnology policy.
The competition for leadership in Antarctic krill thus enters a new stage, where technological capacity will begin to coexist with long-term national strategies.
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